Molecules in their lives and nanopriestore femtočase I.
Natural influences on satellite navigation and positioning systems on planet Mars Using thermal imagers in the inspection of solar power a few notes on the performance of tires. What manufacturers, experienced users know? Industrial networks supporting real time based on Ethernet importance of involving customers in the innovation process in relation to marketing innovation and marketing retro-innovation
The world around us is actually space and time in which we move. For us humans, fruit decoration tools it is a world corresponding fruit decoration tools to our dimension, they are therefore centimeters and meters of space and seconds and hours at a time. It is a space and time in which they occur, our immediate fruit decoration tools interaction, although I do not deny the flight to the moon or the production of microprocessors. On the contrary, I would like to introduce space and time in which they occur immediate reactions of electrons, atoms and molecules, the basic entities chemistry. Because only the examination and exploration of space and time can be used have chemistry in our practical life.
Use is in this case understood as the control of chemical reactions in the form of the desired product or functional structure. The human appetite for control and hence power is probably inexhaustible fruit decoration tools motivation in all spheres and otherwise it is not in chemistry. After years of research and development is now possible fruit decoration tools to study chemical processes with atomic resolution [1] in space and femtosecond (1 fs = 10 -15 s) time resolution [2]. Ability fruit decoration tools to observe in their molecules nanopriestore (1 nm = 10 -9 m) is the initial, and possibly priodvážny, a step to control the chemical reactions at the molecular level. Ability to manipulate molecules opens a new world of nanotechnology, which provides temptation and even attempt to confuse, for example, so far submicrometer connection on your computer, presenting a peak lithographic technology, perhaps for monatomic wire.
Development of femtosecond lasers has reached a resolution and the ability to observe electron, rotational-vibrational and reaction processes of molecules in real time. Thus, a quick source of energy not only allows observation, fruit decoration tools but also controlled excitation system and the follow-up fruit decoration tools response. This is actually a selective guidance products on an area of potential levels. Way possible inspection, however, be prevented by way fundamental research in this nanopriestore, but also in femtočase [3].
The small size of the atom was actually philosophically and conceptually clear already Democritus few thousand years ago. This dimension has been given for a long time, but this did not prevent using hydrogen as conceptually fruit decoration tools slightest chemical elements fruit decoration tools and use it for illustrative description of chemical reactions. Practical amount of material was then obvious reasons mol atoms and not on the size of the order of a few tenths of nm, 0.2 nm = 2 x 10 -10 m. In reality, therefore, always smoothly passes through fruit decoration tools the molecular equations on paper to a huge set of these molecules in a test tube. The reaction between the molecules on paper was then replaced by reaction of these large files described same statistical distribution depending on the energy status of the system. fruit decoration tools Statistical thermodynamics so successfully describes large files with a certain distribution properties. Similarly, spectroscopy show file information fruit decoration tools molecules with a certain distribution.
The concept and the existence of atoms was of course no question but experimental atom is not viewed as an individual entity. Was glad experiments confirmed the presence of sub individual atoms, but direct visualization of the atom was not made. This effort focused on visualization to modify microscopy. Optical microscopy diffraction limit, that is, the size of the smallest observable object, remains in the visible range with a size of approximately 200 nm = 2000 x 10-10 m. Continuation of promising developments in the direction of reducing the wavelength of the radiation used. The result was röntgenovská diffraction. Röntgenovská and electron diffraction fruit decoration tools showed diffraction of course directly on carbon and, likewise, added medziatomárne exact distance, but the visualization of individual atoms can not talk.
When diffraction is the result of interference of waves, röntgenovských or electron, diffraction pattern, which represents the atomically arrangement in reciprocal space. In other words, the diffraction points arranged in some form of symmetry, such as a crystal lattice, corresponding to the symmetry of the lattice, fruit decoration tools but these points are not of individual atoms, but only the amount fruit decoration tools of reflections on the carbon fruit decoration tools with the same symmetry. An example is presented fruit decoration tools in Fig. 1, which shows an electron diffraction pattern of the surface of the silicon surface with a clear hexagonal symmetry. In this case it is low diffraction enrgetických fruit decoration tools electrons from a solid surface. Step forward and visualize atoms closest was scanning the electron microscope (scanning electron microscopy, SEM) with a focus on solid surfaces.
This microscope was nadizajnovaný Ernst Russia and its principle of operation is based on the following skenovnaní
Natural influences on satellite navigation and positioning systems on planet Mars Using thermal imagers in the inspection of solar power a few notes on the performance of tires. What manufacturers, experienced users know? Industrial networks supporting real time based on Ethernet importance of involving customers in the innovation process in relation to marketing innovation and marketing retro-innovation
The world around us is actually space and time in which we move. For us humans, fruit decoration tools it is a world corresponding fruit decoration tools to our dimension, they are therefore centimeters and meters of space and seconds and hours at a time. It is a space and time in which they occur, our immediate fruit decoration tools interaction, although I do not deny the flight to the moon or the production of microprocessors. On the contrary, I would like to introduce space and time in which they occur immediate reactions of electrons, atoms and molecules, the basic entities chemistry. Because only the examination and exploration of space and time can be used have chemistry in our practical life.
Use is in this case understood as the control of chemical reactions in the form of the desired product or functional structure. The human appetite for control and hence power is probably inexhaustible fruit decoration tools motivation in all spheres and otherwise it is not in chemistry. After years of research and development is now possible fruit decoration tools to study chemical processes with atomic resolution [1] in space and femtosecond (1 fs = 10 -15 s) time resolution [2]. Ability fruit decoration tools to observe in their molecules nanopriestore (1 nm = 10 -9 m) is the initial, and possibly priodvážny, a step to control the chemical reactions at the molecular level. Ability to manipulate molecules opens a new world of nanotechnology, which provides temptation and even attempt to confuse, for example, so far submicrometer connection on your computer, presenting a peak lithographic technology, perhaps for monatomic wire.
Development of femtosecond lasers has reached a resolution and the ability to observe electron, rotational-vibrational and reaction processes of molecules in real time. Thus, a quick source of energy not only allows observation, fruit decoration tools but also controlled excitation system and the follow-up fruit decoration tools response. This is actually a selective guidance products on an area of potential levels. Way possible inspection, however, be prevented by way fundamental research in this nanopriestore, but also in femtočase [3].
The small size of the atom was actually philosophically and conceptually clear already Democritus few thousand years ago. This dimension has been given for a long time, but this did not prevent using hydrogen as conceptually fruit decoration tools slightest chemical elements fruit decoration tools and use it for illustrative description of chemical reactions. Practical amount of material was then obvious reasons mol atoms and not on the size of the order of a few tenths of nm, 0.2 nm = 2 x 10 -10 m. In reality, therefore, always smoothly passes through fruit decoration tools the molecular equations on paper to a huge set of these molecules in a test tube. The reaction between the molecules on paper was then replaced by reaction of these large files described same statistical distribution depending on the energy status of the system. fruit decoration tools Statistical thermodynamics so successfully describes large files with a certain distribution properties. Similarly, spectroscopy show file information fruit decoration tools molecules with a certain distribution.
The concept and the existence of atoms was of course no question but experimental atom is not viewed as an individual entity. Was glad experiments confirmed the presence of sub individual atoms, but direct visualization of the atom was not made. This effort focused on visualization to modify microscopy. Optical microscopy diffraction limit, that is, the size of the smallest observable object, remains in the visible range with a size of approximately 200 nm = 2000 x 10-10 m. Continuation of promising developments in the direction of reducing the wavelength of the radiation used. The result was röntgenovská diffraction. Röntgenovská and electron diffraction fruit decoration tools showed diffraction of course directly on carbon and, likewise, added medziatomárne exact distance, but the visualization of individual atoms can not talk.
When diffraction is the result of interference of waves, röntgenovských or electron, diffraction pattern, which represents the atomically arrangement in reciprocal space. In other words, the diffraction points arranged in some form of symmetry, such as a crystal lattice, corresponding to the symmetry of the lattice, fruit decoration tools but these points are not of individual atoms, but only the amount fruit decoration tools of reflections on the carbon fruit decoration tools with the same symmetry. An example is presented fruit decoration tools in Fig. 1, which shows an electron diffraction pattern of the surface of the silicon surface with a clear hexagonal symmetry. In this case it is low diffraction enrgetických fruit decoration tools electrons from a solid surface. Step forward and visualize atoms closest was scanning the electron microscope (scanning electron microscopy, SEM) with a focus on solid surfaces.
This microscope was nadizajnovaný Ernst Russia and its principle of operation is based on the following skenovnaní
No comments:
Post a Comment